*Hale Kıvanç Bökeer   Over eight rounds of talks in Vienna for the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), some progress has been noted between Iran and US, the UK, Russia, China, Germany and France, with the coordination and negotiation of the EU, which brought the parties close enough to draft a final text. However, by early 2022, Russia-Ukraine war has drastically [...]

*Hale Kıvanç Bökeer   The world energy production and consumption is seriously affected by the global climate change. Certain security implications rise for the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) and Europe. These impact the international and national security, as well as the economic and social security of the nations. This article aims to explore some of the direct influences of climate [...]

The recent trilateral Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) signed between Turkey, Sweden, and Finland, which set the stage for the most successful NATO summit since the Ukraine crisis started, reminded me of Obama’s leading from behind doctrine. The phrase was first coined by the Obama administration to describe President Obama’s Libyan strategy; leading from behind.   While the strategy largely failed in Libya [...]